Political consolidation and economic growth, 1949–69. Formation of the German Democratic Republic. Formation of the Federal Republic of Germany. Allied occupation and the formation of the two Germanys, 1945–49. Years of economic and political stabilization. The rise and fall of the Weimar Republic, 1918–33. Franco-German conflict and the new German Reich. Bismarck’s national policies: the restriction of liberalism. The 1850s: years of political reaction and economic growth. The age of Metternich and the era of unification, 1815–71. The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic era. Enlightened reform and benevolent despotism. Further rise of Prussia and the Hohenzollerns. The contest between Prussia and Austria. The consolidation of Brandenburg-Prussia and Austria. Territorial states in the age of absolutism. The Thirty Years’ War and the Peace of Westphalia. Religious war and the Peace of Augsburg. Lutheran church organization and confessionalization. Imperial election of 1519 and the Diet of Worms. German society, economy, and culture in the 14th and 15th centuries. Developments in the individual states to about 1500. Internal strife among cities and princes. The continued ascendancy of the princes. Constitutional conflicts in the 14th century. The growth of territorialism under the princes. The rise of the Habsburgs and Luxembourgs. The extinction of the Hohenstaufen dynasty. The empire after the Hohenstaufen catastrophe. 
Hohenstaufen cooperation and conflict with the papacy, 1152–1215. Germany and the Hohenstaufen, 1125–1250. The Salians, the papacy, and the princes, 1024–1125. The Ottonian conquest of Italy and the imperial crown. The rise of the Carolingians and Boniface. Modern economic history: from partition to reunification. The northern fringe of the Central German Uplands. Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions. This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history. #WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find. Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions. Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.
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